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Thursday, July 4, 2013

These are the facts, and they are indisputable.

The man who first classified Chimpanzees and Bonobos (Genus Pan), Gorillas (Genus Gorilla), Orangutans (Genus Pongo) and Humans (Genus Homo) [along with Gibbons (Genera Hylobates, Hoolock, Symphalangus and Nomascus), Macaques (Genus Macaca), Mangabeys (Genus Lophocebus ), Baboons (Genus Papio), Mandrills (Genus Mandrillus), Colobuses (Genera Colobus, Piliocolobus, and Procolobus), Langurs (Genera Semnopithecus, Trachypithecus, and Presbytis), Snub-Nosed Monkeys (Genus Rhinopithecus), Proboscis Monkeys (Genus Nasalis), Marmosets (Genera Cebuella, Callibella, Mico, Callithrix, and Callimico), Tamarins (Genera Saguinus and Leontopithecus), Capuchins (Genus Cebus), Squirrel Monkeys (Genus Saimiri), Titis (Genus Callicebus), Uakaris (Genus Cacajao), Sakis (Genera Chiropotes and Pithecia), Howler Monkeys (Genus Alouatta), Spider Monkeys (Genera Ateles and Brachyteles), Wooly Monkeys (Genera Lagothrix and Oreonax), Tarsiers (Genera Tarsius, Carlito, and Cephalopachus), Lemurs (Genera Cheirogaleus, Microcebus, Mirza, Allocebus, Phaner, Avahi, Lemur, Eulemur, Varecia, Hapalemur, Prolemur, Pachylemur, and Lepilemur), Loris (Genera Loris and Nycticebus), and Bushbabies (Genera Euoticus and Galago)] into the Order "Primates" was Carl Nilsson Linnæus, a Creationist, in 1758; more than a century BEFORE Charles Darwin first published his Theory of Descent with Modification Through Natural Selection.

Human beings (Species Homo Sapiens, Genus Homo, Tribe Hominini, Family Hominidae, Order Primates, Class Mammalia, Phylum Chordata, Kingdom Animalia) belong to the Domain "Eukaryota". Chimpanzees are Species "Pan troglodytes". Bonobos are Species "Pan paniscus". Mountain Gorillas are Species "Gorilla beringei". Eastern Lowland Gorillas are Species "Gorilla graueri". Western Lowland Gorillas are Species "Gorilla gorilla". Cross River Gorillas are Species "Gorilla diehli". Bornean Orangutans are Species "Pongo pygmaeus". Sumatran Orangutans are Species "Pongo abelii".

Humans and Orangutans share their most recent common ancestor 8-13 Million years ago. [24] [36] [43] Humans and Gorillas share their most recent common ancestor 7-10 Million years ago. [46] Humans and Chimpanzees share their most recent common ancestor 5-7 Million years ago. The human lineage split from Orangutans 13 Million years ago. The human lineage split from Gorillas 10 Million years ago. Humans split from chimpanzees 7 Million years ago.
The ancestors of Orangutans evolved into orangutans. The ancestors of Gorillas evolved into Gorillas. The ancestors of Chimpanzees evolved into chimpanzees. The ancestors of humans evolved into humans.

Humans and the other apes are incapable of interbreeding because humans have a different number of chromosomes than the other great apes. Orangutans, Gorillas, and Chimpanzees all have 24 pairs of chromosomes. Humans have 23 pairs. [5] This is due to the fact that two chromosomes of the other great apes fused to form one human chromosome, our chromosome number two. [6] [41]

It is a fact that humans are evolving faster now than at any time before in our species history: [11] [48] [62] [92] and that there is evidence that that already rapid rate of change has actually accelerated.

Evolution seen in everyday life: [90]

Bacteria: [69]

Evolution observed in the field (by speciation):

Insects:


The Subsection "Acalyptratae" contains TEN superfamilies. The Superfamily "Tephritoidea" contains EIGHT families. The Family "Tephritidae" contains SIX subfamilies. The Subfamily "Tephritinae" contains ELEVEN Tribes. The Tribe "Tephritini" contains EIGHTY Genera containing 976 Species. The Tribe "Tephrellini" contains FORTY Genera containing 178 Species. The Tribe "Dithrycini" contains THIRTEEN Genera containing 103 Species. The Tribe "Terelliini" contains SIX Genera containing 104 Species. The Subfamily "Trypetinae" contains SEVEN Tribes. The Tribe "Trypetini" contains 49 Genera containing 416 Species. The Tribe "Adramini" contains 26 Genera contain 183 Species. The Tribe "Carpomyini" contains TWELVE Genera containing 123 Species. The Tribe "Toxotrypanini" contains THREE genera containing 235 Species. The Subfamily "Dacinae" contains THREE tribes containing 41 Genera containing about a THOUSAND species. The Subfamily "Phytalmiinae" contains FOUR tribes. The Tribe "Acanthonevrini" contains 76 Genera containing 281 Species. The Superfamily "Ephydroidea" contains FIVE families. The Family "Drosophilidae" contains TWO Subfamilies. The Subfamily "Drosophilinae" contains TWO Tribes. The Tribe "Drosophilini" contains TWO Subtribes. The Subtribe "Drosophilina" contains TWO Infratribes. The Infratribe "Drosophiliti" contains 21 Genera. The Genus "Drosophila" contains EIGHT Subgenera. The Subgenus "Sophophora" contains TEN Species Groups. The Species Group "Melanogaster" contains TEN Subgroups. The Subgroup "Drosophila melanogaster" contains NINE Species.

There are 13 Genera of Whirligig Beetle alone. There are 20 Genera of wrinkled bark beetles. There are 15 Genera of burrowing water beetles. There are 9 Genera of Reticulated beetles. There are 5 Genera of crawling water beetles. There are 3 Genera of Skiff beetles. There 4 Genera of tooth-necked fungus beetles. There are 7 Genera of ship timber beetles. There are more than 750 Genera of each of two separate different subfamilies of long-horned beetle (another subfamily of which has more than 100 Genera). And that just one Order. [70]

There exist 27 Genera of Swallowtail Butterfly alone. There are 600 Genera of "brush-footed" or four-footed" butterflies. There are 11 Genera of "Harvester" or "Wooly Leg" Butterflies. And that only two families. [83]

Speciation has been observed in Fish:

Fish include the Superclass "Agnatha", the Class: “Sarcopterygii” (“Lobe-Finned Fish”) [2] [8] [16] [17] [31] [38] [77] [78] [98] and the Infraphylum: “Gnathostomata” [29] [76] [87] which in turn includes the Superclass: “Osteichthyes” (“Bony Fish”) [10] [74] [78] [85] Gnathostomata also includes the Class "Chondrichthyes", and the extinct Class "Placodermi". Osteichthyes, in turn, includes the class "Actinopterygii".

Speciation has also been observed in Amphibians:

Superphylum: “Deuterostomia” [3] [15] [21] [27] [51] [65] [97] Phylum: “Chordata” [3] [13] [47] [79] [80] [85] [89] [91] [95] [99] Clade: “Craniata” [4] [26] [50] [103] Subphylum: “Vertebrata” [1] [4] [7] [8] [13] [15] [17] [22] [28] [29] [31] [33] [39] [66] [67] [72] [81] [84] [86] [87] [89] [94] Infraphylum: "Gnathostomata", Clade: “Teleostomi” [12] [88] Clade: “Euteleostomi” [28] [86] Superclass "Osteichthyes", Class "Sarcopterygii", Clade: “Tetrapodomorpha” [16] [17] Clade: “Eotetrapodiformes” Order: “Elpistostegalia”, Clade: “Stegocephalia”, Superclass: “Tetrapoda” [7] [8] [9] [17] [32] [75] [82] [101] Class: “Amphibia” [25] [96]

The Order "Caudata" includes three suborders. The Suborder "Salamandroidea" contains seven Families. The Family "Plethodontidae" contains 4 Subfamilies. The Subfamily "Bolitoglossinae" contains 12 Genera. The Family "Salamandridae" contains 2 Subfamilies. The Subfamily "Pleurodelinae" contains 16 Genera. The Suborder "Cryptobranchoidea" contains two extant Families. The Suborder "Sirenoidea" contains only the Family "Sirenidae". Altogether, theses ten extant Families contain no fewer than at least 550 different separate know extant species of Salamanders. There are 10 Genera of Asiatic Salamander alone. There are 27 Genera of Lungless Salamander. There are 20 Genera of True salamanders. There are 3 Genera of siren salamanders. There are 2 genera of Giant Salamanders. And that doesn't include newts or mud-puppies. [25] [102]

Speciation has also been observed in lizards:

The Suborder "Lacertilia" contains 5 Infraorders. The Infraorder "Iguania" contains 14 Families, 3 of them extant. The Infraorder "Scincomorpha" contains 11 families, 7 extant. The Infraorder "Anguimorpha" contains the Clade "Platynota", which in turn contains the Superfamily "Varanoidea", which contains 8 families, 4 extant. The infraorder "Gekkota" contains 7 Families, 3 extant.The Infraorder "Diploglossa" contains only 3 Families. [30] [45] [64]
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PoeIIZFApF4

Birds:

Birds are classified as follows:
Class: Reptilia: [23] [30] [54] Clade: Sauropsida: [42] Clade: Eureptilia, Subclass: Diapsida, Clade: Neodiapsida, Clade: Sauria, Clade: Archosauromorpha: [49] [73] [93] Clade: Archosauriformes, Clade: Archosauria: [18] [54] [55] Clade: Avemetatarsalia: [71] Clade: Dinosauromorpha: [35] Clade: Dinosauriformes: [34] Clade: Dinosauria: [14] [19] [20] [35] [40] [52] [55] [56] [58] Order: Saurischia: [53] [56] Clade Eusaurischia, Clade: Theropoda, Clade: Neotheropoda, Clade: Averostra, Clade: Avetheropoda, Clade: Coelurosauria: [58] Clade: Maniraptoriformes: [14] Clade: Maniraptora: [57] [59] Clade: Paraves: [59] [68] Clade: Avialae: [63] Class: Aves

Chickens, a Subspecies of the Red Junglefowl [Subsepecie Gallus gallus domesticus, Species Gallus gallus, Genus Gallus], are Subfamily Phasianinae, Family Phasianidae, Superfamily Phasianoidea, Order Galliformes of the Superorder "Galloanserae".

Finches (Family Fringillidae, Superfamily Passeroidea, Infraorder Passerida, Suborder Passeri, Order Passeriformes) are of the Superorder "Psittacopasserae". The Family "Fringillidae" contains 4 Subfamilies. The Subfamily "Carduelinae" contains 22 Genera. The Genus "Carduelis" contains 6 Subgenera. The Subfamily "Drepanidinae" contains 3 Tribes. The Tribe "Psittirostrini" contains 9 Genera, while the Tribes "Drepanidini" and "Hemignathini" each contain 6. The Genus "Hemignathus" contains 3 Subgenera. THAT's "finches".

Both are Neognathae, Subclass Neornithes.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v9i2WYS60L4

How speciation is evolution : [100]

More instances of evolution in action: [44]

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